This is a study of how the Ptolemaic and Seleucid infantry were reorganized to make them more successful and more competitive against the might of the Romans. It argues that in the 160s BC, the Ptolemaic and Seleucid infantry were subject to re-organization and reform for this purpose.

This is a study of how the Ptolemaic and Seleucid infantry were reorganized to make them more successful and more competitive against the might of the Romans. The author argues that in the 160s BC, the Ptolemaic and Seleucid infantry were subject to re-organization and reform to try to combat the military might of the Romans. This Romanization of the military took the form of new tactics and changes in the organization and in the equipment given to the soldier, with evidence coming from archaeological, literary, epigraphic and iconographic sources. The book looks at the pre-Romanized organization of the infantry providing background to the later reforms.